A Small, Good Thing Essay free essay sample

A little, beneficial thing by Raymond Carver carries a great deal of clear pictures to mind for me. Despite the fact that the composing is moderate, the story woke up. The absence of depiction empowered me to peruse the story and undertaking characters from my own life In the spot of the ones the creator had made. From the earliest starting point of A little, beneficial thing I put my nephew, my niece, and my own child In the spot of the kid In the story. The passionate bind to the tales result Is the thing that made me keep reading.For e, the importance of the story Is absolution. There Is a family that has lost an adored child, a dough puncher who made a cake for somebody who Is shouting at him and declining to get the cake, and a family trusting that their child will escape medical procedure. The story follows Scotty mother as she manages her children hospitalizing. We will compose a custom exposition test on A Small, Good Thing Essay or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In the first place the mother Is exceptionally Judgmental and alone In her agony, yet all through the story she opens up; first to her better half, and afterward to the baker.The reason I contemplate inflexibility Is that all the characters In the story must excuse to have the harmony toward the end. The mother and father must pardon the pastry specialist for his obtuse calls, and understand that he is a forlorn man whose life spins around the bread shop. The dough puncher must pardon the man and his significant other for their resentment and for not coming to get their cake. He needs to release it, and help the man and lady adapt to the best loss of their lifetime. He gives them pardoning and sympathy, and they come to harmony together.

3 More Examples of Misplaced Modifiers

3 More Examples of Misplaced Modifiers 3 More Examples of Misplaced Modifiers 3 More Examples of Misplaced Modifiers By Mark Nichol Words and expressions that give extra data to explain connections between individuals, spots, or things should, for lucidity, be painstakingly set to help perusers in understanding an announcement. In every one of the accompanying sentences, the essayist has neglected to accomplish that objective. Conversations clarify the issues, and modifications settle them. 1. Slip-ups must be followed up on and shared over the organization when they are talked about, not covered up. Audience members don't hesitate when a speaker rashly articulates an errant in particular, yet recorded as a hard copy, place it preceding the relevant action word or action word express: â€Å"Mistakes can be followed up on and shared over the organization just when they are examined, not hidden.† (The first position incorrectly recommends that following up on and sharing mix-ups is everything that could possibly be done in light of them; the modification effectively connects the word with conversation.) 2. The organization should work to ensure both nature and empower a developing economy. Correspondingly, both is regularly erroneously found, yet this utilization is more plainly dangerous than easygoing arrangement of as it were. At the point when both follows an action word, what comes after ought to be equal things or thing phrases, every one of which relates to the action word. Here, both alludes to not just the action word ensure (and the thing that follows) yet in addition the action word empower (and the thing expression that follows), so it must go before the two action words: â€Å"The organization should work to both secure the earth and empower a developing economy.† 3. In any event two men were accompanied out of the gathering by cops, one of whom must be conveyed. The punctuation of this sentence proposes that one of the cops, instead of one of the two men, must be conveyed. Perusers will perceive the plan of the announcement, yet an essayist ought not make perusers work to understand what is composed; â€Å"two men† and â€Å"one of whom must be carried† ought to be contiguous one another: â€Å"At least two men, one of whom must be conveyed, were accompanied out of the gathering by police officers.† (another option, dynamic correction is â€Å"Police officials accompanied at any rate two men, one of whom must be conveyed, from the meeting.†) Need to improve your English quickly a day? Get a membership and begin getting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Grammar classification, check our mainstream posts, or pick a related post below:45 Synonyms for â€Å"Food†36 Poetry TermsTrooper or Trouper?

The effects of globalization on business processes - SWOT - Free Essay Example

1.0: Introduction Globalization has a drastic effect on the approach to business process within an organization that is competing in the domestic as well as global market stage as argued by Philip Kotler and Kevin Lane Keller (2005)[1]. This is naturally because of the fact that the microeconomic factors influencing the overall business process in an organization has a macro impact due to the impact of globalization as argued by Gerry Johnson and Kevan Scholes (2003)[2]. This makes it clear that the management decision-making at the strategic level as well as operational level play a critical role in the overall effectiveness of the organization’s performance in the global arena of the chosen business sector. This is further justified in the arguments of Richard Lynch (2003)[3] who argues that the efficiency of managers and the management decision-making is the key for an effective performance and sustainable competitive advantage achieved by an organization. In this essay a critical analysis on the need for proactive approach by managers to address global competition is presented to the reader. The essay commences with the SWOT analysis of the global business environment for a given organization capturing the key elements that are common industry wide. This is followed by the analysis on the role played by the managers in addressing the highlights of the SWOT analysis (proactive or reactive) with examples from different business sectors is presented by the author. 2: Globalization – SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis presents the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats faced by an organization in the given industry as argued by Gerry Johnson and Kevan Scholes (2003). Since this essay is focused upon the globalisation and its impact on an organization, the SWOT analysis presents the key factors that are common to global business market that are critical to decision-making for a manager in an organization. Strengths Supply chain integration Cost Savings through outsourcing Increasing profit margin through importing finished products for retail from Far East Weaknesses Communication gap and cultural differences between parties involved that are geographically separated Business Continuity Requirements Human resource related issues Opportunities New markets to compete Potential for combined deployment of development strategies in the global arena Efficient market segmentation and product innovation Threats New entrants from Far East Lower profit margin with price-based competition CRM and outsourcing The aforementioned key points are analysed in the light of managers’ proactive or reactive approach to decision-making and the net result on organizational benefits in the next section. 3: Managers’ decision-making: Proactive or Reactive? Gerry Johnson and Kevan Scholes (2003) argue that managers play a vital role in the strategic decision-making for the efficient business process within an organization both at the strategic level as well as at the operational level on a day-to-day basis. At the operational level, the manager plays the key role on deciding the resource allocation requirements against the demand whilst the strategic decision-making is more towards proactively driving the organization’s core business process to delivery excellence. This is further justified by Richard Lynch (2003). The key advantage of proactive management and decision-making by mangers in case of the supply chain integration is the ability to deploy the pull strategy th us enabling the demand-based production in the organization as argued by Jacqueline McLean (2006)[4]. The ability of the manager to decide the level of production and enable proactive operational decision-making will thus enable the organization to effectively manage its fixed costs overhead by reducing the expenditure on raw materials procurement and storage as argued by Malcolm J. Saunders (1997)[5]. Alongside, the effective supply chain integration will not only enable reduction in fixed cost overhead but also provide the management to ensure that the overall business process adheres to a lean management strategy where its can effectively respond to a sudden fluctuation in the market demand. Outsourcing is argued as a key advantage in the cost savings strategy of an organization as argued by Jacqueline McLean (2006). This is because of fact that the costs associated with the production and management at Far East as well as the operation costs are lower compared to those in the west. The increase in the outsourcing of the call centres to India since the dawn of the twenty-first century is a classical example for the aforementioned (Jane Griffiths (Ed), 2006[6]). Another example for outsourcing is the production of the fashion goods for retail in the West outsourced by leading brands including NEXT, Marks and Spencer, etc., to China which is predominantly focused upon the reduction of the production costs whilst ensuring quality and delivery assurance (Philippa Drewer (Ed), 2006[7]). In the aforementioned scenarios, the role of the manager and proactive decision-making is to identify the potential for outsourcing a specific business process or manufacturing segment within the organization to another country not only as an early starter but also ensuring the quality and service level agreements are met as argued by Jacqueline Mc Lean (2006). This approach is also treated as the best practise for the efficient management of the manufacturing outsourcin g to the Far East whilst the reactive approach to outsourcing where the manager’s decision to outsource will be in response to costs and pricing demands, the performance is deemed to be poor as the supplier bargaining power eventually increasing the costs as argued by Jacqueline McLean (2006). Another interesting element with the importing of the finished products from the Far East rather than outsourcing the production is the fact that the organization does not have the operating overhead at all thus making it clear it can increase its profit margin considerably as argued by Roger J. Calantone et al (2004)[8]. In this case also, the proactive decision-making to address the market demands ensuring that the overall business process is not affected with the re-engineering strategy is the key for a successful implementation within an organization to address the competition in the global arena. Gerry Johnson and Kevan Scholes (2003) further argue that the proactive decision-ma king is not only to envisage the future trends in a market but to ensure that the organization is resilient to changes thus ensuring the ability to address fluctuations demand and change in customer interests. Addressing the weakness, it is clear that the proactive decision-making and management by the managers play a vital role in the mitigation of communication gap between the organization’s production/operations centres located in different geographical locations as argued by Roger J. Calantone et al (2004). Derek Torrington and Laura Hall (2003)[9] further argue that the efficiency of the organization to perform effectively in a given target market depends upon the ability of the manager to bridge the communication gap between geographically separated entities of the same organization or collaborating outsourced organization in the manufacturing process. Besides the communication effectiveness is the key element for the efficient production management and supply chain integration in the global arena. Thus the role of the manger to proactively identify the key areas of communications gap will help ensure the performance effectiveness of the organization. The business continuity requirements especially in case of geographically dispersed organization form a critical element for business process with minimal outage as argued by James C. Barnes (2004)[10]. From a strategic perspective, the business continuity management strive of an organization must ensure that its resilience backup is installed and tested at regular intervals of time as argued by G.A. Zsidisin et al (2005)[11]. From the aforementioned it is clear that the role of the manager is to ensure that the business continuity infrastructure installed at the geographical locations are tested for resilience using pseudo business continuity tests individually and in a combined fashion. This approach will encourage the key staff members involved to get accustomed to the business continuity st rategies of the organization thus eliminating surprises and weak response in case of a real business continuity requirement. Besides, it is interesting to note that the flexibility of an organization in the global market is the key for an organization’s ability to enter new markets and deploy its development strategies. This is further justified by G.A. Zsidisin et al (2005) who argue that the supply chain integration and the efficient management of the production to meet the demands in the international market is a critical success factor for an organization. New markets for an organization competing in the global business market are infinite in nature as argued by Frances Brassington and Stephen Pettit (2003)[12]. This makes it clear that the strategic decision-making on the market choice and the strategy to enter the market requires vital contribution from the managers both at the strategic and operational levels. This is evident from the fact that the efficiency of an organization in establishing itself as a strong entity in new market segments depends upon the time, competition and demand factors associated with the market as argued by Philip Kotler and Kevin Lane Keller (2005). The failure of coca cola in promoting 3G in the UK drinks market as a Sprite-branded Energy drink (Mark Choueke, 2006) is a classical example where the proactive decision-making on the demands off the market and the brand image held by the customers to increase the sales in the target market. Alongside, the success of the Hilton Garden Hill Range of Hotels in the economy range of hotels in the global leisure market compared to that of Marriott group’s Courtyard Marriott (Caroline Kimber, 2001[13]) further justifies the proactive response required from the managers to gain sustainable competitive advantage. The development strategies in the global market is the main opportunity for an organization to increase its market share through combined deployment or in dividually deploying product and market development strategies as argued by Gerry Johnson and Kevan Scholes (2003). This is because of the fact that through identifying whether the market segment lies within the existing target market group or the product promoted is an item on demand in the new market is the key for choosing a development strategy. Besides, in a global market, the ability of an organization utilize more than on strategy simultaneously requires the proactive approach from the managers to gain sustainable competitive advantage. This is further justified in the arguments of Roger J. Calantone et al (2004) where it is clear that the service relationship and the identification of the development strategy for an organization in a given target market requires the proactive approach to managerial decision-making. Product innovation is argued as a critical element in the business development within an organization as argued by Frances Brassington and Stephen Pettit (2003 ). The fact that the product innovation is driven by market demand and the ability of an organization to give form to a specific demand in the identified target market makes it clear the effectiveness of managerial decision-making is critical. The key point of interest in this case is the ability of an organization to identify demands where the management involving marketing, product design and production managers act as a team to derive on a new product range as argued by Roger J. Calantone et al (2004). It is thus evident that the proactive approach by the managers is the key for successful implementation of the product innovation. This is because product innovation as a reaction in a given target market is actually the response to a product introduced by another competitor thus second-lining the product in the target market loosing the early starter advantage as argued by Frances Brassington and Stephen Pettit (2003). The key threats identified in section 2 justify that manage ment effectiveness is necessary to not only address the organizational elements but also the key external elements that affect organizational performance in the global market as argued by Gerry Johnson and Kevan Scholes (2003). The case of new entrants from the Far East is treated as a threat mainly because of the increasing entry of sellers from Far East into the clothing market through online retailing and whole sale marketing to retail stockists in the western markets as argued by Jane Griffiths (2006). The key requirement for the manager in the aforementioned situation is to ensure that the organization does not loose its profit margin through efficient pricing and to ensure the company positions itself as competitive brand both in quality and price within a given target market. Alongside, the new entrant threat from the Far East poses the threat of loosing market share in the global market because of the increasing dependence on the import of goods from the Far East by weste rn conglomerates that are sold with an added profit to its target markets in the west. This profit margin is narrowed drastically because of the relatively lower pricing from the new entrant from Far East. Therefore, a proactive approach from the managers is essential to ensure that the competition posed by new entrants from the Far East is mitigated effectively. The price-based competition in the global market is one of the key areas where proactive decision-making from the manger is critical for achieving competitive advantage in the target market. This is justified by Gerry Johnson and Kevan Scholes (2003) because pricing is an area where the quality and corporate identity along with the brand image is communicated to the customers in the target market. Hence through strategically positioning the company’s brand in the given target market, the price-based competition can be mitigated to a greater extent since the customer loyalty to a given brand can be utilised for sus taining the market share. The major threat with outsourcing the service related activities of the business to Far East is the poor service quality that has a direct impact on the customer relationship strategies of an organization in the global arena. The role of a manger is to constantly track the service performance and identify key areas of improvement which can be used for strengthening the customer relationship with the customers. It is evident that the management decision-making in proactively tracking the performance of an outsourced call centre and its impact on the customer loyalty can increase the service efficiency of the company. This will eventually forge strong customer relationship with the customers thus ensuring sustainable competitive advantage in the target market. Hence, to conclude the essay it is clear that the proactive approach to management and management decision-making by managers is the key for an organization’s success in the global market. This is applicable across all levels of management within an organization. References Caroline Kimber (2001), Strategic integration of customers and channels, Journal of Financial Services Marketing, Jun2001, Vol. 5 Issue 4 Derek Torrington and Laura Hall (2003), Personnel Management – HRM in Action, FT Prentice Hall G.A. Zsidisin et al (2005), An institutional theory perspective of business continuity planning for purchasing and supply management, International Journal of Production Research, 8/15/2005, Vol. 43 Issue 16 Gerry Johnson and Kevan Scholes (2003), Exploring Corporate Strategy – Texts and Cases, Prentice Hall Jacqueline McLean (2006), Big Opportunities Begin with Small Steps, British Journal of Administrative Management, Feb/Mar2006 Issue 51 James C. Barnes (2004), AA guide to Business Continuity Planning, John Wiley and Sons Jane Griffiths (Ed), (2006), Call Centres Market Assessment 2006, Key Note Ltd Malcolm J. Saunders (1997) , Strategic Purchasing and Supply Chain Management, FT – Prentice Hall Mark Choueke (2006), Coke plans 3G cuts to boost Relentless, Marketing Week, Vol. 29 Issue 47 Philip Kotler and Kevin Lane Keller (2005), Marketing Management – 12th Edition, Prentice Hall Philippa Drewer (Ed), (2006), Clothing Manufacturing- Market Report 2006, Keynote Ltd Richard Lynch (2003), Corporate Strategy, FT: Prentice Hall Roger J. Calantone et al (2004), Internationalization and the Dynamics of Product Adaptation—An Empirical Investigation, Journal of Product Innovation Management, May2004, Vol. 21 Issue 3 Footnotes [1] Philip Kotler and Kevin Lane Keller (2005), Marketing Management – 12th Edition, Prentice Hall [2] Gerry Johnson and Kevan Scholes (2003), Exploring Corporate Strategy – Texts and Cases, Prentice Hall [3] Richard Lynch (2003), Corporate Strategy, FT: Prentice Hall [4] Jacqueline McLean (2006), Big Opportunities Begin with Small Steps, British Journal of Administrative Management, Feb/Mar2006 Issue 51 [5] Malcolm J. Saunders (1997), Strategic Purchasing and Supply Chain Management, FT – Prentice Hall [6] Jane Griffiths (Ed), (2006), Call Centres Market Assessment 2006, Key Note Ltd [7] Philippa Drewer (Ed), (2006), Clothing Manufacturing- Market Report 2006, Keynote Ltd [8] Roger J. Calantone et al (2004), Internationalization and the Dynamics of Product Adaptation—An Empirical Investigation, Journal of Product Innovation Management, May2004, Vol. 21 Issue 3 [9] Derek Torrington and Laura Hall (2003), Personnel Management â₠¬â€œ HRM in Action, FT Prentice Hall [10] James C. Barnes (2004), AA guide to Business Continuity Planning, John Wiley and Sons [11] G.A. Zsidisin et al (2005), An institutional theory perspective of business continuity planning for purchasing and supply management, International Journal of Production Research, 8/15/2005, Vol. 43 Issue 16 [12] Mark Choueke (2006), Coke plans 3G cuts to boost Relentless, Marketing Week, Vol. 29 Issue 47 [13] Caroline Kimber (2001), Strategic integration of customers and channels, Journal of Financial Services Marketing, Jun2001, Vol. 5 Issue 4

Professional Development Plan For An Organization

Professional Development Plan Organizational Leadership/LDR 531 August 15, 2016 Professional Development Plan As human beings, the author understands that trends keep changing every day or throughout the year. Everyone needs to keep themselves up-to-date with an essential concentrate of their mind manifestation to retain his or her desired path and perception. To get hold of one’s destination he or she should arrange everything accordingly to their pre-designed plan before executing it. Throughout this discussion, the author plans on discussing a professional development plan to assist with brightening one’s profession. The aspiration of this paper is to provide a development plan that will speak to the member’s characteristics of â€Å"Learning Team B† including the team members designated manager. Providing that the plan is effective, it can be utilized to influence the needs of the team. Also, it can be used as an instrument for the team members to assess his or her skills, strengths, weaknesses, and necessary resources needed to assist them reaching their career goals. The dynamic element of this plan is to empower each person with a strategy on how to become a successful person along with retaining his or her position for an extended period. DISC Assessment In week one of the organizational leadership conference all of the members of â€Å"Learning Team B† was tasked to take the DISC Platinum Rule behavioral style assessment. The evaluation was designatedShow MoreRelatedProfessional Leadership Development Plan For Organizations Have Proved Progression ( Hughes, Ginnett, And Curphy958 Words   |  4 PagesProfessional Leadership development plans in organizations have proved progression (Hughes, Ginnett, Curphy, 2015). Developing a leadership plan can be a good asset to any organization because of the speed of businesses increasing. 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In the end, the output is an organization or industry where employee and leadership changes areRead MoreProfessional Development And Continuous Learning999 Words   |  4 PagesPOLICY This Policy stems from the view that professional development and continuous learning are necessary to maintain the quality of the University staff and their continued readiness and ability to contribute effectively to the mission and goals of the University. Policy is not a firmly characterized idea but rather a profoundly adaptable one, utilized as a part of distinctive courses on diverse events. †¢ A particular choice or set of choices intended to complete such a strategy. Policy Procedure

Essay Infant Language Development - 1662 Words

Language is a communicative system of words and symbols unique to humans. The origins of language are still a mystery as fossil remains cannot speak. However, the rudiments of language can be inferred through studying linguistic development in children and the cognitive and communicative abilities of primates as discussed by Bridgeman (2003). This essay illustrates the skills infants have that will eventually help them to acquire language. The topics covered are firstly, the biological aspects, the contribution of the human brain to language development? Secondly, key theories of language development will be considered. Is the development innate? Is there a critical period? Thirdly, what must be learned? What are the rudiments infants must†¦show more content†¦(Stoell-Gammon Menn (1997) (as cited in Bjolrklund, 2005). There are several theories regarding language development. Work by Chomsky, Piaget and Kuhl are critical. Studies by Chomsky, as examined by Albery, Chandler, Field, Jones, Messer, Moore and Sterling (2009); Deloache, Eisenberg Siegler (2003) argued for the innateness of language acquisition due to its complexity. Development is assisted by a language acquisition device (LAD) and universal grammar both of which holding the propensity for commonalities throughout all languages. LAD is the key to the Syntax rule. The knowledge to master the rules is held unconsciously. Chomsky concludes exposure through auditory channels as being the only requirement for learning. Arguably Kuhl (2010) writes infantile exposure to language through auditory channels only, does not contribute effectively to learning indicating the importance of human interaction. Piaget, as discussed by Ault (1977) postulated language as not being part of the earliest stages of development. Signifying within sensorimoto r stage, between birth and two years, the child’s development is too reflexive. 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History of Hypertension Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the History of Hypertension. Answer: Patient History Mr Jones was a 46-year-old male patient admitted to the Coronary Care Unit of the healthcare setting at 7:30 pm. He came into the Emergency Room at around 4 pm. The patient had the chief complaint of left-sided chest pain that persisted for two hours before presenting to the hospital. Mr Jones was slim built and tall and weighed 76 kg with a height of 181 cm. He had been admitted to the hospital for a stroke two and a half years ago. He had a history of hypertension and had been attending the medical clinic for the same. His family history included hypertensive parents. Mr Jones was a professor by profession and denied alcohol intake. He, however, had a history of smoking and smoked five cigarettes a day. He stayed with his wife and two children and led a sedentary lifestyle. Presenting Complaint and Signs Symptoms The crushing pain in the left side of the chest was the main patient concern. The patient reported that he was having a crushing pain along with shortness of breath, sweating and sense of impending doom. His vital signs were BP 140/95 mmHg; temperature 36 degrees Celsius; pulse rate 63 bpm; RR 22 bpm. Pathophysiology Coronary artery disease in patients is the result of atherosclerosis which is the progression of building up of fatty tissues in the arterial walls, commonly known as plaque (Bellchambers et al., 2017). The formation of plaque in one or more than one places causes narrowing of the arteries that in turn slows the flow of blood into the heart. Since the blood flow is restricted or stopped, the patient experiences chest pain and shortness of breath, a condition medically known as Myocardial Infarction (MI). Myocardial Infarction results from the thrombotic occlusion of the coronary artery. Necrosis and irreversible cell injury are the ultimate outcomes (O'Gara et al., 2013). Another significant cause of reduced blood supply is artery spams. At times, an artery of the coronary system might momentarily undergo contraction, leading to spasm. This occurs when the artery is narrowed, and blood flow is restricted. A spasm is likely to happen in normal-appearing blood vessels as well as those that are blocked by atherosclerosis. Myocardial Infarction is caused due to a severe spasm (Montalescot et al., 2014). The major risk factors for MI are hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, smoking and diabetes. The three criteria for the diagnosis of MI as outlined by the World Health Organization are patient symptoms of prolonged and severe chest pain, serial enzymes and electrocardiography changes. During the initial phase of MI, the patient had suffered chest pain, profuse sweating and shortness of breath. The sense of impending doom was also an effect of such condition. The chest pain can be considered as the hallmark of acute MI (Nkhomaet al., 2016). The pain that Mr Jones had experienthe patient suffered from initially was owing to blockage of a coronary artery. The injury caused to the heart muscle deprives it from an adequate supply of oxygen and blood, leading to sensations of chest pressure and chest pain (Levine et al., 2015). Shortness of breath is due to the left ventricle being affected by the infarction and reduction of cardiac output. The sense of impending doom is a result of the release of adrenaline and other catecholemines which acts as a component of the compensation mechanism. Sympathetic activation leads to profuse sweating (Johnson Craft, 2017). Examination Outcomes An Electrocardiograph (ECG) revealed that changes were distinctive ST elevations in leads I, aVL, V2, V3, V4, V5 and V6. Laboratory investigations have indicated a blood count, normal levels of creatinine, urea, chloride, sodium, potassium, liver enzymes. The triglyceride and cholesterol levels were elevated significantly. He was alert and had a suitable orientation to place, prime and people. Lung fields were clear and there was no difficulty in swallowing. Air entry was normal bilaterally and there was no abnormality in breath sounds. No visible pulsation, heaves or thrills were detected. No cyanosis or edema was seen. The abdomen was non-tender and soft, and no mass was felt. Normal muscle mass and gait were observed. As a result of the stroke suffered two years ago, power on the left side was 5/5 and on the right side was 3/5. Nursing Care Considerations The condition of Mr Jones required immediate nursing intervention. The patient was given Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN) sublingually with the aim of easing the pain. GTN is a widely used as a vasoactive agent administered for reduction of myocardial oxygen consumption, subsequently leading to decrease of ischemia and relief from pain (Kaplow, 2015). In addition, the patient was also administered Aspirin tablet 300mg through the oral route. This medication is an antiplatelet, thereby reducing the platelet aggregation and preventing the formation of thrombus. The risk of MI is reduced as a result of this (Moorhead, 2014). The patient was placed in a semi-Fowler's position, and oxygen was given at the rate of four litres per minute to aid the patient in breathing. The patient was brought into a stable condition in the emergency room before shifting him to the Coronary Care Unit. After the diagnosis was confirmed the main objective was to address the blockage in the artery and restore the flow of blood. This process is known as reperfusion (Wood, 2010). On the basis of the assessment done regarding patient condition and clinical manifestation, it was indicated that the patient was a probable candidate for Streptokinase infusion. However, the previous history of stroke with residual effects contraindicated the use of the same (Morton et al., 2017). Streptokinase leads to symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage in those individuals who have had a history of stroke. Once the patient was oriented to the coronary care unit, he was assessed for the present set of problems. He reported of having chest pain due to ischemic myocardial tissue. In addition, he was having feelings of fear and anxiety due to changes in his health status. This mainly related to decreased cardiac output owing to altered cardiac rhythm and rate. The expected outcome of thenursing intervention and medical care was relief from pain. The othernursing goals were a reduction of fear and anxiety and maintenance of sufficient cardiac output. The planning and implementation of pharmacological and no-pharmacological treatment included injection of morphine 2.5mg through the intravenous route. The rationale was to relieve pain since tab Glyceryle trinitrate was unsuccessful in relieving the chest pain. Mr Jones was assisted to report the chest pain to understand the severity of the condition. The prime point of pain and the direction of movement of the pain were to be assessed. He was thus encouraged and assisted to verbalize his concerns and fear. It was a crucial step to attach the cardiac monitor for monitoring the rhythm and rate of the heart. Vital signs of the patient were recorded every two hours initially for six hours to identify any changes in patient condition. Consequently, the recording was done every four hours. Monitoring signs of reperfusion were also elementary, such as heart block, bradychardia and PVCs (Karch Karch, 2016). The patient was advised complete bed rest for the initial three days after he hwas admitted. Visotors were not allowed frequently. The underlying principle was to allow the patient have maximum rest and permit adequate healing of the injury to the heart. According to Willerson and Holmes (2015), complete bed rest allows reduction of workload to the heart. The patients diet was also a key concern. His dietary intake consisted of low fat and low sodium food along with those that are low in cholesterol content. As opined by Adrogu and Madias (2014) excess amount of sodium in the body is the cause of increased blood pressure and increased workload of the heart. Since the patient was a hypertensive individual, it was advisable for him to consume food with low salt content. Since saturated fat increases blood cholesterol, Mr Jones was given a fat-free diet. The daily medication for Mr Jones included Tab Glyceryl trinitrate, Tablet Aspirin 150mg once daily, tablet Simvastatin 20mg note daily, tablet Enalpril 5mg daily, Tablet Isorsobide dinitrate 10mg thrice daily. Isorsobide dinitrite acts as a coronary and peripheral vasodilator that increases blood flow and improves collateral circulation. This, in turn, reduces preload and afterload and decreases myocardial oxygen consumption along with the increase of cardiac output (Karch Karch, 2016). Simvastatin is a drug belonging to the group HMG CoA reductase inhibitor. The mode of action is through reduction of cholesterol level in the body, more precisely the low-density lipoprotein, or LDL. It is also responsible for reducing the levels of triglyceride and increasing the level of high-density lipoprotein, or HDL. On the second day, the patient reported a significant reduction in chest pain and relief from profuse sweating, and thus did not require any intervention. Oxygen was administered, and monitoring for vital signs and cardiac output continued. Consumed meals and administered medications did not lead to any complications. Assessment carriedout on the third day indicated that oxygen administration was not required. The patient was reported to be out of danger. On the fourth day, he was mobilized out of bed. A dietician counseled him regarding his future dietary intake. A physiotherapist advised him of having a more active lifestyle through regular physical exercise. After being transferred to the general ward on the fifth day, he was counseled and motivated to quit smoking. He continued receiving collaborative care for upholding rehabilitation after MI. As pointed out by Nieswiadomy and Bailey (2017) Cardiac rehabilitation improves the ability of the heart to function, lowers the heart ra te, and reduces the chances of developing difficulties from heart disease. Mr Jones was released from the hospital on the sixth day, and he follow up included reporting to the clinic after one month. His medications outlined at the time of discharge included tab Enalpril 5mg daily, tab Asprin 150mg daily, Tablet Isorsobide dinitrite 10mg thrice daily, tablet Simvastatin 20mg nocte and Tablet Glyceryl trinitrite. He was recommended to pursue medical help in case of any emergency. Environmental Considerations and Family For achieving desirable patient outcomes, it is inevitable to provide an environment that fosters the treatment process undertaken to address the needs of the patient (Nieswiadomy Bailey, 2017). For achieving suitable early reperfusion, Mr Jones was provided with a restful and comfortable environment before commencing on the treatment. The family members of Mr Jones were emotionally instable and anxious. They were required to be given support and empathy throughout the process. They were educated about the importance of the undergoing treatment and intervention and were provided with all information pertaining to progress in patient condition (Morton et al., 2017). Legal and Ethical Issues The care provided to the patient was in accordance to the Acute Coronary Syndromes Clinical Care Standard, Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health. The standards are a set of quality statements describing the clinical care to be offered to a patient suffering from specific clinical condition (Murphy et al., 2016). It complements present exertions supportive of the delivery of appropriate care, such as initiatives led by the National Heart Foundation. Ethical issues pertaining to the case study was need of patient education on the presenting symptoms and recovery process (Kaplow, 2015). The patient communication was made effective through clear and sympathetic verbal and nonverbal communication methods. Conclusion From the present case study analysis, it can be concluded that cardiac nurses need to have a comprehensive understanding of the multifactorial field of cardiac care technology, including diagnosis, pathophysiology and treatment. A nurse needs to demonstrate skills of multitasking and critical thinking ability to achieve optimal patient outcomes. For resolving patient problems, it is essential to undertake a roper evaluation of the cardiac symptoms. Knowledge of cardiac health rehabilitation and ability to communicate effectively with the family members of the patient are crucial factors for nursing practice. Compliance to legal and ethical considerations are required. Reflection The cardiac care provided to Mr Jones was successful as the patient outcomes were in alignment with the nursing diagnosis and priority of care. As a nurse, I developed a sense of satisfaction and pride in delivering optimal quality care. Fulfillment of all the significant cardiac nursing care attributes ensured exceptional cardiac care nursing. I was able to demonstrate competency in addressing the patient complications and providing patient-centred care. In future, my practice would be guided by research on current evidence for better cardiac nursing care. References Adrogu, H. J., Madias, N. E. (2014). Sodium surfeit and potassium deficit: keys to the pathogenesis of hypertension.Journal of the American Society of Hypertension,8(3), 203-213. Bellchambers, J., Neves, E., Pottle, A. (2017). Inherited cardiac conditions: examining two patient cases.British Journal of Cardiac Nursing,12(8), 387-396. Johnson, M. D., Craft, M. D. (2017). Acute Mitral Regurgitation Following Myocardial Infarction. InThe Medicine Forum(Vol. 18, No. 1, p. 19). Kaplow, R. (2015).Cardiac surgery essentials for critical care nursing. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Karch, A. M., Karch. (2016).Focus on nursing pharmacology. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Levine, G. N., Bates, E. R., Blankenship, J. C., Bailey, S. R., Bittl, J. A., Cercek, B., ... Khot, U. N. (2015). 2015 ACC/AHA/SCAI focused update on primary percutaneous coronary intervention for patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: an update of the 2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI guideline for percutaneous coronary intervention and the 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of ST-elevation myocardial infarction.Circulation, CIR-0000000000000336. Montalescot, G., Van't Hof, A. W., Lapostolle, F., Silvain, J., Lassen, J. F., Bolognese, L., ... Hammett, C. J. (2014). Prehospital ticagrelor in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.New England Journal of Medicine,371(11), 1016-1027. Moorhead, S., Johnson, M., Maas, M. L., Swanson, E. (2014).Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC)-E-Book: Measurement of Health Outcomes. Elsevier Health Sciences. Morton, P. G., Fontaine, D., Hudak, C. M., Gallo, B. M. (2017).Critical care nursing: a holistic approach. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Murphy, B. M., O'Higgins, R., Shand, L., Vincent-Smith, M., Jackson, A. C. (2016). Managing the cardiac blues in practice: a survey of Australian practitioners.British Journal of Cardiac Nursing,11(5), 222-228. Nieswiadomy, R. M., Bailey, C. (2017).Foundations of nursing research. Pearson. Nkhoma, E., Ptaszynska, A., Gomez, A. (2016). Characterizing the Incidence of Heart Failure Following Hospitalizations for Acute Myocardial Infarction. O'Gara, P. T., Kushner, F. G., Ascheim, D. D., Casey, D. E., Chung, M. K., De Lemos, J. A., ... Granger, C. B. (2013). 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of ST-elevation myocardial infarction: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines.Journal of the American College of Cardiology,61(4), 485-510. Willerson, J. T., Holmes Jr, D. R. (Eds.). (2015).Coronary artery disease. Springer. Woods, S. L. (Ed.). (2010).Cardiac nursing. Lippincott Williams Wilkins.

Organizational Learning Success

Introduction Many scholars have defined organizational learning while considering key areas such as knowledge creation, transfer and behavioral change or adjustment. A widely accepted definition is that organizational learning is an incessant process of knowledge creation and acquisition as well as transferring the same knowledge with an effect of causing behavioral modification.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Organizational Learning Success specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The end result is that there shall be a display of a different knowledge as well as possibility of resulting to a product which is highly valued (Nielson, 1997, p. 2).  Focus has for a long time been given to the knowledge transfer flow from the highly developed and industrial western world. To the contrary, the Asian part of the world, which is a catch up region in technology and economical progress, has shown great progress dra wing attention from other parts of the world. It has been observed that these regions Especially, China has shown great economic progress not necessarily by adopting the learning experience of the western parts of the World but by employing and following other means. As a result there has been a new focus on the learning and management systems that are used in this part of the world. Objectives The objectives of the project is examine critically the analyze any differences between the learning process of the western world that has traditionally been used and other knowledge transfer from other parts of the non-western world, with China and its Chinese-firms both in China as a republic and its investments in other neighboring nations such as Taiwan, Singapore and Hong Kong. The main purpose of the project is to clearly provide information that will help investors with an intention of establishing and running successful business operations in that region. The managers are supposed to use this information to come up with organizational learning strategies that will focus on incorporating the local staff, thus creating feasibility in their business operations in this region. Literature Review Because of the success in development in the Asian region, there has been a keen interest from investment non-western investors focusing the strategies used by china in its operations. The observation has shown that these nations have progressed successfully economically for the last thirty years, despite the fact that an economic downturn hit the region. The progress did not come with simplicity of a natural happening, but as a response from policy makers in the region to consider a re-assessment of developmental strategies for the region while borrowing so much to the organizational learning and systems of learning employed in china and its firms in Taiwan, Singapore and Hong Kong. Dierkes et al, (2003. P. 716) asserted that these firms have got a high level of resilience a s opposed to their main export competitors like Japan.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Due to resilience, the Chinese firms have shown an admirable level/degree of corporate flexibility and adoptability cushioning them against market fluctuations (Wolf, 2000, P. 8)  Scholars’ main concerns has been analysis of the viability of these Chinese and Chinese based firms to combat with social structural and frequent economic downturns in the region. Do these firms really have a competitive edge, with a generally accepted fact that they are small and medium sized firms? Can a focus be given to them shifting from the traditional western based learning and management systems? (Dierkes et al, 2003, p. 716). There is a new focus shift from the Large Firms to small and medium sized ones on Market. Characteristics of Chinese Based Firms Presently, Chinese based firms a re found in Taiwan, Singapore and Hong Kong. The firms are small and medium sized (Yeung et al. 2011, p. 34. In addition, these firms do not innovate in the processes of production but they imitate and use adoptive methods to compete in the market. As a result, they are characterized with a lack of significant access to advanced technologies and markets enjoyed by western based systems of Europe, Japan and USA (Dierkes et al, 2003, p. 716). Furthermore, the firms do not invest to a full extent in the field of research and development as do their highly competitive neighbors like Japan, instead most of their competitive edge comes from producing at live cycle phases of the products, although Jacobson Robertson point out that RD adopting has been proved that it has little technological revolution (2011, p. 274-275). Learning strategies and processes If these firms are small and medium in size, the biggest puzzle is then how do they gain entry to the competitive market and technology? They use adoptive and imitational methods to get the access (Yu, 2007). This has given them a competitive edge against the highly developed nations. The perspective is that these firms are late comers both in technology and to the markets. Chinese based firms create imitation and innovation through learning to learn the processes used by the western systems (Watkins Ehst, 2008, P. 4). Learning in networks Firms in these Chinese business regions of Taiwan, Singapore and Hong Kong create a network both locally and internationally with other established western systems. Since the firms are not innovative in nature, and owing to the fact that they are late comers to the technology and markets, they are subcontracted by large firms belonging to highly developed western systems to carry out production of high end goods. Through such contracts, Chinese firms and their allies acquire insights into the technology used its competitors, makes strategies to imitate and develop that technology to produce relatively high end goods for the market. Learning in this manner has the advantages of being quick and adoptive. This has highly enhanced their process of knowledge transfer, acquisition and utilization.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Organizational Learning Success specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Inter-firm cooperation The firms in this region of the world being late comers to the technological world of production strive to make their products better through knowledge accumulation and internalization leading to knowledge of producing goods already on market. (Dierkes et al. 2003, p.721). There exist also strategic alliances. Strategic alliances The alliances have a specific target. The point of interest is that they are brand specific, that is, big name brands. It seems that they understood the effective computational edge both technologically and marketwise these brand names pose to t hem. The best way to compete therefore was to form alliances, not only alliances but strategic alliances so that they are subcontracted to produce on behalf of the big-name brands. This is evident in the Chinese mobile phone industry (Cheung, 2005, p. 267) Forming strategic alliances is also another learning strategy employed by Chinese firms as their Learning process. They target brand name leaders of through formation of joint ventures with these innovative Firms. Their governments also give them some support. Government support One way of fostering organizational learning is through support from a government. Asian economies of Taiwan and Singapore have experienced growth, due to the governments’ creation of a supportive environment, especially to human resources.  Human resource is the learning part, thus its availability and skill level impacts learning positively. It is also characteristic of the Governments in these regions to provide and create favorable organizatio nal learning conditions through provision of basic human resource training, provision and spreading required production and marketing knowledge and giving subsides to research and development targeting majorly, strategic industries and Firms for knowledge transfer. Despite this, these firms still face some barriers to organizational learning. Available techniques of learning in the region Subcontracting versus design/development and marketing/distribution They all lead to organizational learning except that design and development is usually employed by western based systems. The most available is subcontracting where the goods are produced based on an original-equipment license. An advantage of subcontracting is that it is cost effective, facilitates access to cheap labor and reduces unfair market competitions as opposed to design and development.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Research and development versus imitation Research and development is geared to knowledge creation by taking a product through its life cycle. Learning can also be achieved through imitation of a product which is already at its life cycle stage. Although both lead to learning in an organization, RD takes a long time and therefore is not entirely suitable for catch up economies in Asia. Diffusion of technology versus human resource training Diffusion of technology involves the western systems that transfer knowledge to non-western systems like china and its firms through global networks. On the other hand, another available technique applicable in the region is creation of knowledge through training to create skilled human resource, in the field of foreign technology and market trends. The notable difference between the two is that human resource training lacks that ability to expose a learning organization to a hands-on experience in the long short term. Diffusion on the other hand, lacks active learning process of the local firms. Types or organizations found in the region As mentioned earlier, the firms based in china and its foreign establishments are small and medium sized enterprises. This does not entirely exclude the large firms. Small and medium scale firms are the most developed, toy firms, electronics, textiles and garments and foot ware. Barriers to organizational learning in the Chinese based firms Chinese enterprises are still in the catch up stages. Catch up strategy by imitation is an entirely favorable system particularly when the concern is directed to products that require advanced technology throughout their production. This is seen in the production of high end electronic good like computers and the software development industries, which require a specific path to complete the process of production. In this case, catch up Chinese firms have to reassess their crash research and development programs are known to lack the capability to duplica te a successful technology (Cheung, 2005, p.267).These firms have are vulnerable to under financing due to lack of technological underdevelopment thus they are exposed market fluctuations as compared to large enterprises found in Japan and South Korea. On the overseas perspective, Chinese firms In Hong Kong, Taiwan and Singapore lack access to advanced technology used by large western enterprises, as well as large advanced markets of enjoyed by the western based models of organizational learning. Conclusion It can be concluded that the success of Chinese firms lies in their resiliency to market fluctuations and their flexibility to adopt new technologies and market conquest by adopting imitational strategies as well as creation of networks both globally and locally with the advanced systems of the western world. Despite their success, they should review their research and development strategies for high end goods like computers and computer programs which require long term research and development goals for duplication of a successful technology. Also, linkage creation with firms that already have a firm foothold in the global economy should be nurtured since it creates an immediate oversight into global market paces and trends, as well as technology advancement. Besides, their strategies should be geared towards capacity building to exploit knowledge emerging opportunities available in these linkages. Reference List Cheung, C., 2005. Technology transfer and competition: The Mobile Handset Industry in post-WTO. Hamburg: Gabler Verlag. Dierkes, et al., 2003. Handbook of Organizational Learning Knowledge. NY: Oxford Publishers. Jacobson, D Robertson, L, 2011. Knowledge transfer and technology diffusion. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing limited. Neilson, R., 1997. Collaborative Technologies and Organizational Learning. London Idea Group Inc. Watkins, A.J. Ehst, M., 2008. Science and technology and innovation: capacity building for sustainable growth and pov erty reduction. Washington DC: World Bank Publications. Wolf, C., 2000. Asian Economic Trends and their Security Implications. Arlington: Rand Corporation. Yeung, et al., 2011. The Globalization of Chinese Companies: Strategies for Conquering International Markets. Singapore: John Wiley Sons. Yu, F.T., 2007. Taiwan’s economic transformation in evolutionary perspective: Entrepreneurship, innovation systems and government. NY: Nova Publishers. This critical writing on Organizational Learning Success was written and submitted by user Aria Richardson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Criminal Justice Essays - Searches And Seizures, Warrants

Criminal Justice Essays - Searches And Seizures, Warrants Criminal Justice Reason to Search The two vehicle stops were made for different reasons. The first vehicle, the white Toyota Camry, was stopped because it fit the description of a vehicle that was just used in a bank robbery. This gives the police probable cause that the vehicle contains evidence of criminal activity. According to Carroll v. United States that is sufficient reasoning for a stop (211). The second vehicle had the drivers side brake light out. This is sufficient cause to pull the vehicle over because that is a traffic violation. In Whren v. United States, the Supreme Court ruled that the true motivation of police officers in making traffic stops was irrelevant as long as they had probable cause to believe that a traffic law had been broken (211). I feel that both stops were justified and neither violated the rights of the suspects. Fitting the description of suspects and being in the general vicinity of the crime is adequate evidence to pull a vehicle over and check out the situation. The second stop was made because the driver had violated a traffic code. Since the vehicle is breaking this law the police have the right to pull over that vehicle. The officers even took the vehicle to the station to obtain a search warrant when the suspect objected. Both stops were done in a legal manner. The warrant less search of the white Toyota Camry was justified because the suspect did not say no when the officer asked to search the vehicle. The officer did not come right out and ask if he could search the trunk, but the suspect never objected. Instead the suspect begins to not cooperate which leads to more suspicion. The behavior of the suspects and the fact that neither suspects objected to the search is reason enough to for a warrant less search. If the suspects in the white Toyota Camry had been advised of their Miranda rights before the search of their vehicle then the police would have had to obtain a search warrant. But by denying the police the right to search your vehicle is almost implying guilt in itself. I think the only difference getting a search warrant would have done is prolonged the police finding the evidence in the trunk. Either way I think the situation would result in the police finding the rifle and the suspects getting arrested. If the officers had opened the trunk and found no evidence of the robbery then I think they could only take the suspects in for questioning. Since this questioning would be in an accusatory manner then the suspects would need to be advised of their Miranda rights. If the suspects exercised their right to an attorney then they would be advised to keep their mouths shut. Without evidence to incriminate the suspects then the suspects would be released and probably questioned again later. With the only basis for charging being that the suspects and their vehicle fit the description of those in a robbery then in all likelihood the suspects would not be charged.

Analysis of Barclays Bank Essay Example for Free

Analysis of Barclays Bank Essay The process of restructuring the telecommunication sector truly got under way in Cameroon in June 1995, when the authorities decided thoroughly to reform network industry sectors such as water, electricity and telecommunications with a view to creating a favourable environment in which to develop their infrastructure and services and thus to satisfy increasingly exigent demand. The process took the form of liberalization, State withdrawal from the sectors concerned and the establishment of a  market structure enabling Cameroon to remain in step with the especially rapid global developments in the telecommunication sector; indeed, in spite of the investments made, the coverage rate and quality of service offered had remained largely inadequate. The process was carried out not only by defining the conditions and mechanisms liable to guarantee the sector’s opening to private initiative, but also by enacting regulations and taking measures intended to enable the sector to play the decisive role incumbent on it in Cameroon’s economic development. Telecommunication sector reform in Cameroon is not limited to the establishment of new regulations and legislation, to the revision of the institutional framework and the establishment of an interconnection regime or to the introduction of competition. It should also comprise bringing behaviour in line with the times. One of our chief concerns is therefore also effective application of the regulations with a view to fulfilling the universal service obligation, ensuring consumer protection and providing for effective and appropriate regulation of true competition. The acquisition of the required know-how is the biggest challenge we face. The institutional players on Cameroon’s telecommunications scene are, as in many other African countries, of the opinion that any society that delays in jumping on the NTIC train will remain mired in a state of underdevelopment. Before 1990, as in most African countries, telecommunication services were managed by a national publicly-owned monopoly. The administration in charge of telecommunications set the rules, ensured they were applied and was itself an operator. The results did not always live up to expectations. In June 1990, the President of the Republic signed the order on the programme to privatize public and semi-public enterprises. The telecommunication sector was added to the programme in June 1995. In July 1998, law 98/014 governing telecommunications in Cameroon (the Telecommunications Act) was promulgated. It established the Telecommunication Regulatory Agency and attributed sector responsibilities to a variety of players: the operation of  telecommunication networks to operators, regulatory matters, i.e. application of the rules and supervision of operators, to a regulatory body, the definition of sector policy and the enactment of market regulations to the telecommunication administration. In September of the same year, two public enterprises, CAMTEL for the fixed telephone service and CAMTEL MOBILE for the mobile telephone service, were set up to take over the telecommunication activities of the Ministry of Post and Telecommunications and of the public enterprise INTELCAM, which was in charge of operating and developing international telecommunication installations. The Telecommunication Regulatory Agency was set up at the  same time. Immediately after, the sale of a mobile telephone licence and the process of privatizing CAMTEL and CAMTEL MOBILE got under way. In June 1999, a mobile telephone licence was granted to a private enterprise. The privatization of CAMTEL MOBILE was completed in February 2000. The privatization of CAMTEL is not yet complete. A third mobile telephone licence is to be issued. In less than two years, the sector has undergone sweeping change. Suffice it to mention one indicator: in January 2000 there was one mobile telephone operator with about 5 000 subscribers; on 31 March 2001 there were two operators with over 140 000 subscribers. This rapid and in-depth transformation is taking place within a constantly improving legal framework. The development of new technologies and liberalization have permitted access to new telecommunication services which, depending on their specific natures, require appropriate regulation. The Telecommunications Act sets forth a new regulatory framework, opening the telecommunication sector to competition. The framework, which distinguishes between public and private networks, provides for three legal arrangements: concessions, authorizations  and declarations. The State can grant one or several public or private corporate bodies all or part of its rights to establish and/or operate telecommunication networks. The concession is subject to strict compliance with the requirements set forth in a list of terms and conditions. This arrangement allows the State not only to keep a watchful eye on the harmonious development of modern telecommunication infrastructure, but also and above all to heighten its control over the development and supply of the basic services and facilities us ually demanded by the majority of users. The arrangement of prior authorization applies to the establishment and/or operation of telecommunication networks by physical persons or corporate bodies with a view to providing the public with a basic telecommunication service, a value-added service, a bearer service or any other service by using one or several radio frequencies. A list of terms and conditions containing the requirements to be met is attached to the licence issued to the bearer of a prior authorization. The authorization is issued for a fixed period and can be withdrawn under certain circumstances. Declarations apply to the establishment of private internal networks, low-range and low-capacity private independent networks (that are not radio networks), low-range and low-capacity radio installations (to be determined  by the Administration), and the provision to the public of telecommunication services other than those subject to the arrangements of concession and authorization. Telecommunication terminal equipment is either freely provided or subject to type-approval. Certain provisions of the Telecommunications Act are detailed in decrees and implementing legislation. We shall not examine all of them here; indeed, some of them are still being drafted. The reform in Cameroon established the separation between the regulatory and operating functions. It works in favour of operators being entities controlled by private capital. The general framework for competition is governed by legislation on competition. The legal framework is supplemented by institutions. A revised institutional framework The telecommunication administration Spectrum management and the legislation and regulations relating to telecommunications are the exclusive domain of the State. The telecommunication administration has been invested, on behalf of the government, with general jurisdiction over the sector. It sets the general regulatory framework. It therefore establishes and implements telecommunication sector policy, whose aim must be to safeguard the missions of public service, to promote harmonious network development throughout the national territory and effective private sector participation in the sector’s wealth and employment-generating activities, and to ensure compliance by all operators with the applicable treaties, laws and regulations. In addition, the administration supervises the telecommunication sector, oversees public telecommunication enterprises, represents the State at international telecommunication-related organizations and events, and manages the radio spectrum on behalf of the State. The Telecommunication Regulatory Agency, which technically answers to the telecommunication administration, is the specialized body in charge of  facilitating actual application of the regulations issued. The Telecommunication Regulatory Agency The organization of the Telecommunication Regulatory Agency established by the Telecommunications Act is set forth in decree No. 98/197 of 8 September 1998. The Agency has three main duties: – to ensure the regulations are implemented; – to guarantee respect for the regulations and the exercise of competition; – to settle certain disputes between operators. The Agency’s regulatory authority is subject to performance of the following activities: – definition of the principles governing tariffs for services; – examination of requests for authorization and declaration and of type-approval files for terminal equipment to be connected to public networks; – establishment of principles for calculating interconnection costs; – establishment and management of numbering plans; – management of the frequencies attributed to telecommunications; – submission to the government of proposals aimed at developing and modernizing the sector; – opinions on draft legislative and regulatory texts concerning telecommunications; control and penalties for infractions. The Agency is specifically competent to settle disputes concerning interconnection, access to a public network, numbering, cases of harmful interference, and sharing of infrastructure. The Telecommunications Act provides the Agency with a quasi-judicial body and an arbitration procedure can be set in motion should one or the other of the parties be opposed. The parties remain free to bring their case before the competent court. Human resources are the key to management and progress, for they have knowledge, that rarest of economic commodities in the 21st century. The current transition from a monopoly environment to that of controlled competition has given rise to new demands in terms of basic knowledge and know- how in telecommunication regulation. Telecommunication leaders and staff in Cameroon were still dealing with the transition from analogue to digital when circuit switching was suddenly replaced by packet switching. This recent change has reshaped the concept and definition of telecommunication networks and services. Everything must therefore be done to make sure the human resources acquire the skills they need for their own development and that of companies, which create wealth for the well-being of peoples. The Ecole Nationale Supà ©rieure des Postes et Tà ©là ©communications, an independent facility run by the Ministry of Post and Telecommunications, provides basic instruction in telecommunications and ICT to technicians (technical and operating staff), supervising technicians (operating technicians and supervisors) and senior technical managers (works engineers and operating inspectors). It plans to organize standing professional certification for the staff of public and private enterprises and of the public administrations in charge of telecommunications and ICT. Cameroon has always been present and active in regional and international telecommunication organizations. It is a member of the Administrative Councils of both the African Telecommunication Union (ATU) and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). It has had very few bilateral exchanges of experience and information with other African countries. The ineffectiveness of regional (ATU) and subregional organizations (CAPTAC) has precluded the launch at subregional level of cooperation activities aimed at developing telecommunications in Cameroon. At the international level, ITU  has not been closely involved in telecommunication sector reform. In the past eight years, it has provided some technical assistance but otherwise almost no support for telecommunication development projects in Cameroon, possibly because the Area Office in Yaoundà © is not functioning. The capacities of the Area Office in Yaoundà © should be reinforced. Its main duties should be: – To disseminate ITU documents and information in the area. For this, it should have the means required to provide the documentation centres of the main players in each of the area’s countries with the documents and books needed to acquire knowledge in telecommunications and ICT, for most of the sector’s African managers will have to teach themselves. In this respect, hard as opposed to electronic copies remain invaluable in Africa. Analysis of Barclays Bank. (2016, Jun 07).

The Dangers of Water Pollution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Dangers of Water Pollution - Essay Example Heavy metals can leach into the water supply when it comes into contact with the drinking water as it is transported from the source to the faucet. The effects can range from a mild inconvenience to serious health problems in humans. It can cause a mildly upset stomach or may result in a terminal illness. Animals and fish, even more sensitive to many pollutants and these toxins, can be placed at risk when the ecological system of our rivers and lakes is disrupted. Whatever form the water pollution takes, it is certain to threaten the food supply, damage recreation areas, and be a major threat to human health. When toxic chemicals leach or are spilled into the water system the wildlife that depends on that supply suffers. In the case of an oil spill from a tanker, the results are fast and obvious. Wildlife, fish, and birds are immediately threatened with the crude oil sludge. The oily sludge permeates their fur and feathers handicapping any hope of the animal's survival. This form of pollution is highly visible and causes damage that can be easily measured and evaluated. We can readily see the animals die as they encounter this water pollution. However, other types of pollution that threaten our wildlife are not so readily apparent. Industrial chemicals that leach into our water supply, streams, and lakes may not be visible to the human eye. They may not kill fish instantly as the fish survive the moderate levels of the toxins that are present. Many industrial pollutants, however, build up in the fish and wildlife over time. PCBs, a known carcinogen that has been banned, continues to pers ist in our environment and water supply (Environmental Defense Fund, 2006). Dioxin and heavy metals also have a long term poisoning effect on the fish. When a human eats the contaminated fish, they ingest the pollutants that have been stored in the fish. Consuming this source of food on a regular basis can cause severe health problems and lead to death. Water pollution will eventually poison not only the fish, but also the birds that feed on the fish and the prey that feeds on the birds. This will cause a widespread contamination of our environment and result in many of our food sources being unavailable or unhealthy to eat. Often times when wastewater from a sewage system is improperly discharged into the environment it contaminates a public area that is used for swimming or recreation. This contaminated wastewater carries potentially dangerous viruses, parasites, and bacteria with it. The U.S. Center for Disease Control (CDC) lists over 20 different types of biological agents known to pollute recreational areas (Nester, Anderson, Roberts, Pearsall, & Nester, 2001). The effects of these waterborne pathogens can be as mild as a case of diarrhea or as serious as meningitis. High fever, liver infection, and birth defects have been traced to water pollution caused by contaminated wastewater discharged into a public lake or beach (Nester et al, 2001). Though these contaminates do occasionally foul our drinking water supply, the most likely contact the public has is at a common recreational area. The CDC documents all reported cases of illness caused by polluted water and found during the period of 1995-1996 of the 12000 cases of disease caused by contaminated water, a full 75 percent were contracted in a public beach or swimming facility (Nester et al, 2001). These statistics show not only the seriousness of the

You Decide Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

You Decide - Coursework Example The best product offering for this market segment would be the family portraits with a choice between an office one and one for home use. The reasoning behind this is that the corporate executives are busy people who rarely have time for home issues. Having a portrait that shows a whole family at the office could be just what these people would love to have to remind them of home. Choosing a product offering for any market segment must consider the needs, preferences, lifestyles, habits, ability to buy and the value it gives the customer (Kotler & Armstrong, 2010). High end customers are difficult to understand because of varied preferences and customization may be required in many instances (Mullins & Walker, 2010). An online value proposition answers the questions: who are we, what do we offer, who we serve and what makes us unique? The online value proposition is more than a proposition as it shows what a firm can offer using content, products, services and or experiences to engage online customers (Kurtz, 2008). The company should use its unique technology as its online selling proposition. A variety of portraits should be availed on the website showing various product offerings with different versions of the same portrait available. The website should also give the executives an opportunity to make fast, secure payments for the portraits on the website Brand equity represents an intangible asset for any company and depends on the associations made by the customers. Strong brand equity ensures a more stable stream of income, increases cash flow and is an asset that can be sold (Pride & Ferrel, 2010). Brand equity can be built basing on financials or on consumers. Our Town Photography Studio brand equity should focus on building consumer loyalty in the brand. When people especially the executives have a strong liking for the firms products, chances are

Global Warming and the Kyoto Protocol Essay -- Environmental, Environm

Global Warming and the Kyoto Protocol Environmental issues are becoming a growing concern for the world as well as for the world's leaders. Pollution, littering and the burning of fossil fuels are all problems that have drastically affected humans over the past few years. Impure drinking water, radiation, less ecological diversity and cancer are a few of such harms that the world has experienced. However, one of the most prominent concerns is the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect, a natural occurrence, is turning deadly with the introduction of humans and carbon emissions and is slowly heating up the world. In future years this could cause catastrophic consequences. Rising global temperatures threatens the very existence of the world's population, making global warming an issue that has no territorial boundaries, every country is contributing to the problem and will inevitably suffer the consequences. As this is a global problem the interest of many world leaders was brought fourth. Eventually they came together to address this dilemma and come up with a solution to it. What officials are currently at odds with is how to implement the protocol that was reached in Kyoto Japan in 1997. This protocol made by world leaders is one of the first world wide efforts to try and resolve current environmental problems. The ratification of which, would have a huge beneficial impact on generations to come. The Third Session of the Conference of the Parties to the Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP3) was held in Kyoto, Japan from the first to the tenth of December 1997. The conference had more than 2,500 participants, 3,000 Non Governmental Organizations (NGO) and 4,000 press representatives in attendance. Discussions l... ...sultations. Despite world efforts Bush still claimed that the protocol is "fatally flawed," and bad for the economy. The European Union has been highly active in the efforts to get the protocol ratified and in working order. British environmentalist Michael Meacher said, "It's a beautiful day for the environment. It's a huge leap to have achieved a result on this very complex international negotiation." Up to this date 30 countries have ratified the pact. This very complex world issue is something which desperately needed, and got, attention. The future of the world and the existence of all living things are at stake. The Kyoto Protocol is on attempt to create a more environmentally sound world. There are flaws and the U.S. remains unchanging it its decision not to ratify it but a step has been taken and without a first step nothing will ever get very far.

English investigation Essay

Introduction: For this project I am going to analyse how women and men behave when using language in casual situations? There have been many previous research finding and conclusions about gender and conversational behaviour. For example Jennifer Coates identified two approaches, which she describes as dominance and difference. Jennifer Coates was a writer to wrote about the language differences between men and women. Dominance argues that because women occupy a less powerful position in society than men, their constitutional behaviour is less assertive and less confident. Men are dominant within society, so it is not surprising that they tend to dominate mixed sex conversations. Women are said to be used to male dominance, and as a result of social conditioning will often be polite and respectful when speaking to men. Whereas the idea of difference is where the focus is more on differences in male and female attitudes and values, that are said to be inculcated from childhood, when we form, and are influenced by, single sex peer groups. Studies of children’s play have found that in boy’s games there is more emphasis on competition and confrontation, while girl’s games are more cooperative. In adulthood, women’s talk often focuses on personal feelings and problems and this helps to explain why their approach to conversation is more sympathetic and supportive. Also this Description of Data: My data consists of three transcripts; one, which took place in a college canteen between four girls meaning it, was very informal and casual. My second transcript took place on a college field while three boys were watching a game of football played by fellow peers. They discussed the game and also had background conversations. My third transcript is of three girls talking about the world cup football match very briefly while talking more about football and surrounding topics. I felt that my first transcript I recorded was not sufficient enough to be analysed well and in detail, I therefore recorded a further transcript to increase my data and to make a more intricate analysis. Aims: The aim of my investigation is to find out to what extent are there significant differences in the ways that men and women behave on conversation. Methodology: For my investigation I collected three transcripts; I did this, as this is the most effective way of collecting sufficient data that I would be able to analyse for my specific subject. I am going to look at how women talk in casual situations looking at aspects that expert researchers have found such as Jennie Coates, she found two approaches based on the ideas of dominance and difference which I will look at and try to find out to what extent do my transcripts prove this. I will also look at cooperation and competition as the experts have found that boys seem to be more competitive when using language whereas girls seem to be more co operative, even though this research was proved by using children as examples I would still like to see if it is still the case when men and woman are older and to what extent they still either are competitive or cooperative when using language. As well as looking as what the experts have found I am also going to look at the role played by the speakers in my transcript and relate it too attitudes and values as well as educational background, which is pretty much the same for each speaker as they all go to the some college. I will also look into the social class of the speakers. I will look at the status, purpose, context and audience for each transcript and analyse each topic accordingly. I am also going to look at the 6 frameworks – lexis, semantics, phonology, graphology, grammar, discourse, pragmatics and the sociolinguistics which has been defines as the study of language in its social context. Analysis: First of all I am going to analyse the context of my data. The first transcript is between four friends occasionally five when they contribute to the conversation. The conversation is very informal and very casual with no real meaning or purpose except for socialising during break time, which means the conversation is quite forced to some extent even though they were talking about what they liked to talk about. All the women contributed equally I would say; to the conversation. Although women are characteristically and socially known for being quite capable and good at making conversation there is not a lot of prove from the experts or researchers that suggests that males do not make conversation or are any less capable. Therefore when looking at the men’s conversation I saw that they were just as able and good at making conversation. The men’s conversation was between three people occasionally four or five when they contributed to the conversation. This conversation was also very informal and casual and was also something that the men wanted to talk about. In the conversation you can see that between them there is one more dominant male who tends to initiate conversation and interrupt or overlap other speakers also could be know as holding the floor. However I researched about dominance in conversation and read, â€Å"you just don’t understand- men and women in conversation† by Deborah Tanning and she said â€Å"claiming that interruption is a sign of dominance assumes that conversation is an activity in which one speaker speaks at a time, but this reflects ideology more than practice. She also said that she recorded conversations in which many voices were heard at once and it was clear that everyone was having a good time. She then asked people of their impressions of the conversation and they said they had enjoyed themselves. However when she played the tape back they were embarrassed about their conversational style. Which suggests that when people being female or male do dominate the conversation they maybe don’t realise they are doing it. I also found that in my other female conversation between three girls there was one slightly more dominant participant mainly due to her personality, however it was also in most cases successful cooperative over lapping as the over lapping is positive and as Deborah tanning says in her book † the overlaps are cooperative because they do not change the topic but elaborate on it. However in my male conversation there is unsuccessful cooperative overlapping as for example when a participant says he had England trials† (referring to a friend out side the conversation) another participant says â€Å"yer but don’t he look like peter pan† which is quite negative and stops the conversation which is a negative response that does not enable the conversation to carry on without changing the topic. In one of my transcripts where the four or five female participants are talking on participant says, â€Å"Err she looks really bad† (referring to a celebrity in a magazine that looks rough) by saying the word â€Å"really† she is intensifying what she is saying. In my other transcripts there are two examples of women using intensifiers, one where a participant says, â€Å"she’s really pretty† and another when a participant says â€Å"well I think peter crouch is actually quite really cute† Robin Lakoff published an influential account of women’s language. In a related article she published a set of basic assumptions about what marks out the language of women. Among these assumptions were the use of intensifiers especially the words ‘so’ and ‘very’ for example † I’m so glad to see you† I found intensifiers within my female transcripts but none in my male transcripts. However as my transcripts were quite short and the time I had to collect my data was limited if I had more data I could have compared this more fairly to get better and faired results. Zimmerman and West (1915) taped informal conversations between students in coffee bars, shops and other public places. They found that women talk about ‘feelings’ whereas men talk more about ‘things’. Women conversation is often focused on personal experiences, relationships and problems. The topic of male conversation tends to be more concrete, relating to information, facts objects and activities. And from my own experiences these finding are accurate but also my data could also suggest this as well, for example in my females transcripts there is reference to a personal experience that doesn’t really play a part in the structure of the conversation, it is quite random. The participant says † Rory always corrects my spelling its well annoying on msn he always like types things in a little star and then says correct spelling† the participate gets interrupted while saying this as it is nothing to do with the conversation. Also in my transcript I can see that men use more taboo language than women do for example in my male conversation one participant says â€Å"fucking legend† whereas in my female conversation there was no swearing words used. However as my transcripts were quite short they do not relate to all females.